u/NitroHydroRay

No. Knuckle walking is a trait that has independently arisen in extant ape lineages. Orangutans aren't true knuckle walkers.

It's based on Sivapithecus

Sure is. Doesn't look like one of the soft little workers, so it's probably a reproductive queen/king that's lost its wings and is ready to start a new colony. The good news there is that there's a good chance there isn't already an established colony.

lmao yeah, I should have considered that too

Seems to be one of the "shrimps" in the family Callianassidae. You can find similar species by searching "ghost shrimp, Texas"

As someone with a master's degree in entomology and a nerd's love for etymology, I think it's silly to try to tell people that bugs = hemiptera. True lizards are only the family Lacertidae, but lizards are all of the order squamata! True frogs are just Ranidae, but you won't find anyone that would say that a tree frog or a dart frog isn't a frog. Beyond that, bug is an ill-defined common name, used centuries before the establishment of Hemiptera, and attempting to squish it down into a specific taxon isn't consistent with how the word is actually used in English. For all intents and purposes, a bug is really just any funny little critter that seems buggy enough.

Also, as an aside, Arachnids are not pancrustaceans, and pancrustacea is a pointless clade anyway, as insects simply fall within traditional crustacea.

What in the world are you talking about? Every spinosaur skull known so far includes a midline crest. Irritator would likely be no different.

People have lived for thousands of years in the arctic circle on fish and seals. Ask the inuit, greenlanders, or northern siberians. You're right to say that the presence of polar bears doesn't indicate terrestrial plant life, but it absolutely indicates a productive, human-habitable ecosystem.

And so are fish and seals. You've just gotta live like the inuit now.

Btw, mongooses are not mustelids. Mongooses are feliformes, while mustelids are caniformes.

It’s not that giant but I have the gage beasley plush grub and I can highly recommend. Perfect size to hold like a baby

Here's a relevant recent paper: https://polf.copernicus.org/articles/94/17/2026/, which suggests that the ranges of antarctic penguins during the last glacial maximum were restricted to fragmented refugia, with the retreat of the ice allowing for expansion and recolonization of their current habitat.

Do you enjoy being annoying as fuck?

It's originally from this video, announcing the description of Uragasaurus, in collaboration with the authors of that paper. The paper is open access, and can be viewed here. Most recent papers accept that the formation spans both the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, with the uppermost part being Cretaceous. This includes the description of Chalawan, which identifies it as Early Cretaceous in age.

Chalawan is more likely Early Cretaceous in age.

Super cool! The biggest issue I ran into was that when you’ve narrowed it down to just one subfamily, it’s really hard to narrow it further. I found myself having to guess every 4-5 m North American chasmosaurine, which is a lot!

Your title calls it the "largest non-varanid." Polyglyphanodonts are also probably stem-teiids anyway

The most complete specimen of Gilmoreteius likely exceeded 1.4 meters in total length, while others such as Asprosaurus and Chianghsia have skulls that suggest size up to 2 meters. Assuming these are average size adults, they're still larger than your absolute maximum for Barbatteius 

I worked on this island for a summer. It was both really cool and the worst summer of my life.

Toxodonts and litopterns were still doing well enough when people first showed up in the Americas. Mixotoxodon made it as far north as Texas. They faced the same fate as most of the American megafauna.

Brother you did not finish Chicago lmao

It's a clearwing moth (family Sesiidae)! They are moths that mimic wasps for defense. Someone more familiar with your geographic region might be able to help with a more specific ID.

No, Dizzy Rose is not a paleontologist and has no expertise beyond idle speculation